Virginia Ctenucha: What It Is and When to See It

Ctenucha virginica · Erebidae

The Virginia Ctenucha (Ctenucha virginica) is a medium-sized day-flying tiger moth (Erebidae) with smoky gray-brown wings, a shining metallic blue-black body, and an orange head, spanning roughly 1.6 to 2 inches. It ranges across the northeastern US and southern Canada, with the most records in New York, Vermont, Michigan, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin, and flies mainly in June and July. Often seen nectaring on flowers in daylight, it is one of the larger ctenuchine wasp moths in its range.

Peak months
June, July
Most recorded in
New York, Vermont, Michigan

How to identify the Virginia Ctenucha

At rest the Virginia Ctenucha looks deceptively plain, with narrow smoky gray to brownish wings, but the body gives it away: a brilliant iridescent blue or blue-black abdomen and thorax that catches the light, topped by a contrasting orange or orange-red head and shoulders. Wingspan is about 1.6 to 2 inches. The combination of dull wings over a shining metallic body is the key field mark. In flight during the day it can be taken for a wasp, which is the point, since the look discourages predators.

Where it lives

This is a northern, grassland-edge moth. Open GBIF records place the most sightings in New York, Vermont, Michigan, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin, across meadows, old fields, prairies, roadsides, and damp grassy clearings where its host grasses and sedges grow. It is widespread through the Northeast, upper Midwest, and adjacent Canada.

When it flies

Virginia Ctenucha is a single-brood, early-summer moth in most of its range, with activity peaking in June and July. Because it is largely day-flying, you are most likely to encounter it in sunshine visiting flowers like milkweed, dogbane, and goldenrod rather than at a night light.

Caterpillar and host plants

The caterpillar is hairy and tufted in pale yellow and black, and unlike many moths it feeds on grasses, sedges, and irises rather than tree leaves. Larvae feed in summer and the species overwinters as a partly grown caterpillar, resuming feeding and pupating in spring before the early-summer adults emerge. As a tiger moth relative, it carries the family's general theme of unpalatability, reinforced by its wasp-like daytime appearance.

How to see one at night

The Virginia Ctenucha is primarily day-active, so the most reliable way to see one is to walk sunny meadows and roadside flower patches in June and July and check blooms for nectaring adults. It can occasionally turn up at lights, so if you run a sheet, use a UV or mercury-vapor lamp on a warm, calm night, since short-wavelength light disrupts moth flight orientation and outdraws white LEDs. But for this species, daytime flower-watching beats the blacklight. To plan an outing, check what is likely flying near you tonight or read our beginner's guide to mothing.

Keep in mind this site does not identify a moth from your photo. It predicts likely species by location and date from open records. For photo ID, try iNaturalist or Seek, BugGuide, the Moth Photographers Group, or BAMONA.

When Virginia Ctenuchas are recorded (by month)

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

From 2,621 open-licensed GBIF records. Want what's flying at your spot tonight? Open the live tool →

Frequently asked

Is the Virginia Ctenucha a moth or a wasp?
It is a moth, specifically a day-flying wasp moth in the tiger moth group. Its metallic blue body and daytime flight mimic a wasp, which helps deter predators.
When does the Virginia Ctenucha fly?
It is a single-brood, early-summer species, most active in June and July across its northern range.
Where is the Virginia Ctenucha found?
Open records show the most sightings in New York, Vermont, Michigan, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin, in meadows, prairies, and grassy roadsides across the Northeast and upper Midwest.
What do Virginia Ctenucha caterpillars eat?
Unlike many moths, the caterpillars feed on grasses, sedges, and irises rather than tree leaves.
How do I see a Virginia Ctenucha?
Because it flies by day, look for it nectaring on flowers like milkweed and goldenrod in sunny meadows during June and July, rather than waiting for it at a night light.
Does this site identify my moth from a photo?
No. It predicts likely species by location and date from open GBIF data. For photo ID, use iNaturalist or Seek, BugGuide, the Moth Photographers Group, or BAMONA.

More moths: Ailanthus Webworm Moth · White-lined Sphinx · Spongy Moth · Banded Tussock Moth · Polyphemus Moth · Virginian Tiger Moth · Salt Marsh Moth · Luna Moth · Hickory Tussock Moth · Forest Tent Caterpillar Moth

Per-species open-licensed GBIF records (CC0/CC-BY), aggregated from the precomputed index. Months and states reflect where the species is most recorded, not a complete range. Butterflies excluded. GBIF download DOI: 10.15468/dl.3w3w76.